Vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machines can be utilized for direct drive applications by
virtue of their high torque density and high efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to develop
a general design guideline for split-slot low-speed VPM machines, generalize the operation
principle, and illustrate the relationship among the numbers of the stator slots, coil poles,
permanent magnet (PM) pole pairs, thereby laying a solid foundation for the design of
various kinds of VPM machines. Depending on the PM locations, three newly designed VPM …

Vernier permanent-magnet (VPM) machines which have high torque density and high
efficiency have been extensively used in direct drive. This article attempts to propose a new
winding form and compare it with a traditional winding form as a part of fractional slot
winding in the VPM machines to provide a design guideline in the aspect. Different winding
forms are compared with the same copper loss and the same design. The design guideline
of winding forms is provided by multiobjective generation algorithm (GA) optimization …