1.1 Background About 75% of earth's surface is covered by water. Unfortunately, about
97.5% of this water is salt water present in seas and oceans. Only, about 2.5% of it, is fresh
water contained in underground and surface waters of which 80% is frozen in glaciers. The
remaining percentage of all fresh water is underground in deep and hard to reach aquifers.
Only 0.5% of the total fresh water available is contained in the lakes and rivers [1]. Lack of
fresh water is one of the main problems that affects many countries around the world. In arid …