Soil clod refers to a natural lump of soil that exists as an isolated entity in the field. Clod formation is a serious problem to prepare the seed bed. Tillage of a compacted soil results in greater cloddiness than of an uncompact soil (Johnson et al., 1979; Sharma, 2001 and Anon., 2017). Loosening of soil is done to achieve a desired granular soil structure for a seedbed and to allow rapid infiltration and good retention of moisture, to provide adequate air exchange capacity within the soil and to minimize resistance to root penetration and shoot growth. Clod breaking operation is required to produce a granular soil structure in the final seedbed.

Clod formation after ploughing or disking is a major problem in arid and semi-arid zones of India. Clods create obstruction to penetration of furrow openers of seed drill and do not allow intimate contact between seeds and soil. Pulverization of clods is necessary to avoid the above problems (Agrawal and Singh, 1988). Looking to the present practice of seed