Cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM), also known as wobbler syndrome, affects mainly large
and giant-breed dogs, causing compression of the cervical spinal cord and/or nerve roots.
Structural and dynamic components seem to play a role in the development of CSM;
however, pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Finite element models have been used
for years in human medicine to study the dynamic behavior of structures, but it has been
mostly overlooked in veterinary studies. To our knowledge, no specific ligamentous spine …