Metabolic products of skeletal muscle contraction activate metaboreceptor muscle afferents
that reflexively increase sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) targeted to both resting and
exercising skeletal muscle. To determine effects of the increased sympathetic
vasoconstrictor drive on muscle oxygenation, we measured changes in tissue oxygen stores
and mitochondrial cytochrome a, a3 redox state in rhythmically contracting human forearm
muscles with near infrared spectroscopy while simultaneously measuring muscle SNA with …

PV tree was developed where pressure was modeled as the product of chainbar elastanca
and volume. An analytical solution of the unsteady Bernoulli equation was achieved by
lineadzing the equation. The solution equation consisted of a cosine function, which
captures visa largo, and a sine function, which captures vis a fmnte. Time-varying systolic PV
velocity, ut (t)-cms, is a function of the following variables: total atrial suction created by atrial
relaxation (z~ Paf--mmHg) and mitral annular descent (&Pm¢-mmHg), atrial (Ea-mmH~ rco) …