The treatment of multiple myeloma has evolved significantly over the past 2 decades due to
the use of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, and the
subsequent introduction of the immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide and lenalidomide)
and the proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib). The median overall survival of multiple myeloma
patients has increased significantly with patients younger than age 50 years experiencing a
10-year survival rate of around 40%. However, despite the increased effectiveness of the …