Signal amplification in conventional enzyme-based biosensors is not high enough to
achieve the ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules. In recent years, signal amplification has
been improved by combining enzymatic reactions with redox cycling or employing
multienzyme labels per detection probe. Electrochemical–chemical redox cycling and
electrochemical–chemical–chemical redox cycling allow ultrasensitive detection simply by
including one or two more chemicals in a solution without the use of an additional enzyme …

Sensitive and selective detection of xanthine (XA) in food industries is of notable importance
for evaluating the meat freshness. A new and simple-to-prepare nano-biocomposite of multi-
walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and poly (l-aspartic acid)(Poly (l-Asp)) film is prepared
for the immobilization of xanthine oxidase (XO) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE).
Electropolymerization of biocompatible polymer was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV).
Bio-analytical optimal experimental conditions such as percentage of MWCNT, immobilizing …