Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural
deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and propensity to
fracture. Environmental factors during early life, including those in utero, may influence bone
mass during later life and, consequently, the risk of osteoporosis. Epigenetic mechanisms
play central roles in the differentiation of bone cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts,
responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. A few studies have shown …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. Recent
studies have demonstrated that miRNA might play a key role in OA initiation and
development. We reviewed recent publications and elucidated the connection between
miRNA and OA cartilage anabolic and catabolic signals, including four signaling pathways:
TGF-ß/Smads and BMPs signaling, associated with cartilage anabolism; and MAPK and NF-
KB signaling, associated with cartilage catabolism. We also explored the relationships with …