Human activities over the past 50 years have caused changes in ecosystems that have led to gains in economic development at the cost of biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services, the functions and processes of ecosystems that benefit human well being. For example, agricultural expansion and intensification has degraded wildlife habitat by removing sources of nesting and roosting cavities, particularly mature trees, which can negatively affect abundance and diversity of animal taxa that provide regulating ecosystem services, such as pest reduction. Many cavity-dependent species will use nest boxes in areas where natural cavities are scarce, thus nest boxes are an easily implemented landscape enhancement. In this dissertation, I drew from theoretical frameworks of population dynamics, foraging ecology, parental care, and predator-prey interactions to assess the potential benefits of nest boxes in terms of conservation of a declining raptor and enhancement of pest reduction services in a fruit-growing region.