Evidence for a nondichotomous solution to the Kepler dichotomy: Mutual inclinations of Kepler planetary systems from transit duration variations

SC Millholland, MY He, EB Ford… - The Astronomical …, 2021 - iopscience.iop.org
Early analyses of exoplanet statistics from the Kepler mission revealed that a model
population of multiplanet systems with low mutual inclinations (∼ 1–2) adequately describes
the multiple-transiting systems but underpredicts the number of single-transiting systems.
This so-called" Kepler dichotomy" signals the existence of a subpopulation of multiplanet
systems possessing larger mutual inclinations. However, the details of these inclinations
remain uncertain. In this work, we derive constraints on the intrinsic mutual inclination …

Evidence for a Non-Dichotomous Solution to the Kepler Dichotomy

S Millholland, M He, E Ford… - American …, 2021 - ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
Early analyses of exoplanet statistics from the Kepler Mission revealed that a single
population of multiple-planet systems with low mutual inclinations (1-2 deg) adequately
describes the multiple-transiting systems but underpredicts the number of single-transiting
systems. Ten years later, the explanation of this so-called" Kepler dichotomy" remains
uncertain. The leading hypothesis is that there are at least two (but perhaps a continuum) of
sub-populations of intrinsically multi-planet systems with different mutual inclination …
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