Primary prevention is the efficient method to prevent of incidence and increased prevalence of addiction in the society. This study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ behavioral intention and behavior about prevention of children tendency toward addictive drugs. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected in multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire in three parts, seven demographic questions, behavioral intention five items and nine questions in behavior that completed in self-report. Data were analyzed by use SPSS-18 by independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α= 0.05. Points higher were acquired in intention structure tendency to behave since next six months and in behavior, talk to children correctly and reasonably and friendly relationships. In intention 64.04 and behavior 68.11 percent of the maximum score that available to acquisition was acquired. Behaviors fathers with bachelor education (p< 0.001) and without a history of addiction in friends and family (p= 0.004), and intention divorced fathers (p= 0.014) were higher. Significant correlation existed between two structures and behavioral intention predicted 17.9 percent the variance of behavior (p< 0.001, r= 0.423**). According to the prediction behavioral intention about performing preventive behaviors, recommended to develop and implement education programs, items how talk correctly and reasonably and friendly relationships with children to be more attention and education