In view of escalating cost and pollution related with chemical fertilizers and pesticides, interest has increased to find alternative methods of fertilization and control of pests. Fungal endophytes residing symbiotically inside the plant tissues play an important role in the growth promotion and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and diseases in plants. They also produce phytohormones, antimicrobial compounds, and many agrochemical bioactive metabolites. These endophytes hold huge potential to be used as safe and cost-effective alternative to chemical pesticides and fertilizers in view of their wide range of plant growth-promoting activities. The present chapter describes the role of endophytic fungi in the agriculture sector.