Low-temperature solution-processed photovoltaics suffer from low efficiencies because of
poor exciton or electron-hole diffusion lengths (typically about 10 nanometers). Recent reports …

… The bulk trap density is n TP F ~ 5 × 10 16 cm −3 whereas the surface trap density is n TP
S ~ 1.6 × 10 17 cm −3 . The trap densities measured in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 are comparable to …

… The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included …

… ) powder with appropriate amount of SnF2 was dissolved in polar organic solvents (dimethy1
sulfoxide (DMSO)) to give transparent yellow solutions (0.6 M) under nitrogen environment …

… = +1/2 and −1/2 (−1/2 and +1/2); while the J-states are same as the spin states (m j = m s ) …
L and S coupling. We show that the electron’s degree of spin-polarization is −1/3 of electron’s …

… (ησ 5 ∼10 −136 cm 10 s 4 photon −4 ) that are at least 9 orders larger than the record values
of designer organic molecules (ησ 5 ∼10 −145 cm 10 s 4 photon −4 ) reported recently 10 . …

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Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not …

… All crystals were washed with an excess amount of ACN after collection. After drying the
crystals with Kimwipes, they were finally annealed at 50 C for 5 min to remove any residual …

… Despite longer electron lifetime, the slightly lower voltage of the rutile-based device might
be due to the fact that the amount of injected electrons was relatively larger for rutile than …

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