… women): eight involved water immersion during the first stage of labour; two during the second
… of labour, and one comparing early versus late immersion during the first stage of labour. …

… This review includes 12 trials (3,243 women): 8 related to just the first stage of labour: one
to early versus late immersion in the first stage of labour; two to the first and second stages; …

… , knowledge and practice around immersion in water for labour or birth. It also highlights the
importance of exploring what immersion in water for labour and birth offers midwives, as this …

… for water immersion during birth than labour.10 Their guidance states clinicians attending
women who use water immersion for labour and/or birth … this method of labour and birth.10 The …

… Supply and immersion water temperatures can differ by … immersion during labor and birth
in water in itself superior to conventional birth, or is it the fact that women, rather than their birth …

… properties associated with being immersed in water. Much of the … by water immersion
during labour and birth, however, the women's stories reveal that being immersed in warm water …

… of Midwives supported immersion in water during labor for … that to achieve best practice with
water birth, it is necessary for … US birthing centers offered immersion in water during labor, …

Background Enthusiasts suggest that labouring in water and waterbirth increase maternal
relaxation, reduce analgesia requirements and promote a midwifery model of care. Critics cite …

… The vast majority of birth centers offer water immersion for labor and birth with professional
… special training in water birth. As a member of AABC, statistical data on births in their clinics …

… water immersion, particularly waterbirth. We synthesised the evidence that compared the effect
of water immersion during labour … to standard care with no water immersion. A secondary …