Improvement to the convergence-confinement method: inclusion of support installation proximity and stiffness

J Oke, N Vlachopoulos, M Diederichs - Rock mechanics and rock …, 2018 - Springer
Rock mechanics and rock engineering, 2018Springer
The convergence-confinement method (CCM) is a method that has been introduced in
tunnel construction that considers the ground response to the advancing tunnel face and the
interaction with installed support. One limitation of the CCM is due to the numerically or
empirically driven nature of the longitudinal displacement profile and the incomplete
consideration of the longitudinal arching effect that occurs during tunnelling operations as
part of the face effect. In this paper, the authors address the issue associated with when the …
Abstract
The convergence-confinement method (CCM) is a method that has been introduced in tunnel construction that considers the ground response to the advancing tunnel face and the interaction with installed support. One limitation of the CCM is due to the numerically or empirically driven nature of the longitudinal displacement profile and the incomplete consideration of the longitudinal arching effect that occurs during tunnelling operations as part of the face effect. In this paper, the authors address the issue associated with when the CCM is used within squeezing ground conditions at depth. Based on numerical analysis, the authors have proposed a methodology and solution to improving the CCM in order to allow for more accurate results for squeezing ground conditions for three different excavation cases involving various excavation-support increments and distances from the face to the supported front. The tunnelling methods of consideration include: tunnel boring machine, mechanical (conventional), and drill and blast.
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