Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a neuromodulation therapy used to treat medically
refractory chronic pain. In SCS, an implanted pulse generator produces electrical signals
that are conveyed through electrode arrays located in the region of the spinal cord. The goal
of SCS is to modulate neural signaling through spinal and supraspinal mechanisms to
reduce pain. Although available for decades, SCS still enjoys only limited clinical success,
limited quality-of-life improvement, and limited long-term efficacy. To improve SCS …