Efficiency of heat and mass transfer is critical for vapor chambers (VCs), but conventional designs often encounter problems with heat transfer and liquid distribution. The hierarchical branch network and heat dissipation function of leaf veins share certain similarities with the wick structure employed in vapor chambers (VCs). Therefore, to explore the potential of biomimetic design for optimizing fluid channel configuration, we investigated the heat transfer and capillary flow performance of symmetric and asymmetric leaf vein (SLV and ALV) networks. Our investigation reveals that the SLV exhibits the best heat transfer and flow characteristics among the ALV and tree branch structure. Additionally, the relationship between the distribution patterns and natural structures of leaf veins was also elucidated. Our findings suggest that the leaf vein network may offer a promising template for designing more efficient liquid channels in VCs and other engineering applications.