Conventional Josephson metal-insulator-metal devices are inherently underdamped and
exhibit hysteretic current-voltage response due to a very high subgap resistance compared
to that in the normal state. At the same time, overdamped junctions with single-valued
characteristics are needed for most superconducting digital applications. The usual way to
overcome the hysteretic behavior is to place an external low-resistance normal-metal shunt
in parallel with each junction. Unfortunately, such solution results in a considerable …