Diesel engines fueled by liquid fuels will continue to dominate the transportation and heavy
machinery application market despite the advancement of other technologies. Studies have
yet to be conducted to investigate the combined influence of carbon chain length, oxyfuel
type, oxygen content, and blending ratio of esters and alcohols as additives in diesel fuel.
The present study addresses this by preparing two sets of experiments using three-carbon
(C 3) and four-carbon (C 4) additives, one at an equal blending ratio of 4% and the other at …