Islet amyloid-induced cell death and bilayer integrity loss share a molecular origin targetable with oligopyridylamide-based α-helical mimetics

S Kumar, DE Schlamadinger, MA Brown, JM Dunn… - Chemistry & biology, 2015 - cell.com
S Kumar, DE Schlamadinger, MA Brown, JM Dunn, B Mercado, JA Hebda, I Saraogi
Chemistry & biology, 2015cell.com
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a hormone cosecreted with insulin. IAPP proceeds
through a series of conformational changes from random coil to β-sheet via transient α-
helical intermediates. An unknown subset of these events are associated with seemingly
disparate gains of function, including catalysis of self-assembly, membrane penetration, loss
of membrane integrity, mitochondrial localization, and finally, cytotoxicity, a central
component of diabetic pathology. A series of small molecule, α-helical mimetics …
Summary
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a hormone cosecreted with insulin. IAPP proceeds through a series of conformational changes from random coil to β-sheet via transient α-helical intermediates. An unknown subset of these events are associated with seemingly disparate gains of function, including catalysis of self-assembly, membrane penetration, loss of membrane integrity, mitochondrial localization, and finally, cytotoxicity, a central component of diabetic pathology. A series of small molecule, α-helical mimetics, oligopyridylamides, was previously shown to target the membrane-bound α-helical oligomeric intermediates of IAPP. In this study, we develop an improved, microwave-assisted synthesis of oligopyridylamides. A series of designed tripyridylamides demonstrate that lipid-catalyzed self-assembly of IAPP can be deliberately targeted. In addition, these molecules affect IAPP-induced leakage of synthetic liposomes and cellular toxicity in insulin-secreting cells. The tripyridylamides inhibit these processes with identical rank orders of effectiveness. This indicates a common molecular basis for the disparate set of observed effects of IAPP.
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