After the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the
outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commenced across the world.
Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is essential for interrupting viral
infectivity and preventing aberrant immune responses before a vaccine can be developed.
In this review, we provide the latest insights into the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme
II (ACE2) and Ang II receptor-1 (AT1-R) in this disease. Novel therapeutic strategies …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic continues to
spread globally. The rapid dispersion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by
SARS-CoV-2 drives an urgent need for effective treatments, especially for patients who
develop severe pneumonia. The excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines has proved to be an essential factor in the rapidity of disease progression, and
some cytokines are significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Most of the upregulated …