Objectives Our study described how the WHO intra-action review (IAR) methodology was
operationalised and customised in three Western Balkan countries and territories and the
Republic of Moldova and analysed the common key findings to inform analyses of the
lessons learnt from the pandemic response. Design We extracted data from the respective
IAR reports and performed a qualitative thematic content analysis to identify common
(between countries and territories) and cross-cutting (across the response pillars) themes on …

Background: WHO developed the intra-action review (IAR) methodology to support countries
in reviewing their coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response through
reflection and sharing of perceptions. Our study describes how the WHO IAR methodology
was operationalized and customized in three Western Balkan countries and territories and
the Republic of Moldova and what were the common key findings to inform analyses of the
lessons learned from the pandemic response. Methods: IARs were conducted in the …