Childhood lead poisoning is a serious public health concern worldwide. Blood lead levels exceeding 5 μg dL⁻¹ are considered elevated. In Kabwe, the capital of Zambia’s Central Province, extensive Pb contamination of township soils in the vicinity of a Pb–Zn mine and posing serious health risk to children has been reported. We investigated BLLs in children under the age of 7 years in townships around the mine; where blood samples were collected and analyzed using an ICP-MS. All of the sampled children had BLLs exceeding 5 μg dL⁻¹. Children in these areas could be at serious risk of Pb toxicity as 18% of the sampled children in Chowa, 57% (Kasanda) and 25% (Makululu) had BLLs exceeding 65 μg dL⁻¹. Eight children had BLLs exceeding 150 μg dL⁻¹ with the maximum being 427.8 μg dL⁻¹. We recommend that medical intervention be commenced in the children with BLL exceeding 45 μg dL⁻¹.