Background: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a complication that results from solid tumor
metastasis. Prognosis is extremely poor. As therapeutic options for solid tumors improve, the
rate of LMD continues to increase. Until recently, treatment has been limited to radiation
therapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy, with an overall survival of 2-
3 months. Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapies are promising new options for
increasing overall survival and clinical improvement; however, optimal clinical management …