This data article is associated with the research article “Sustainable production of ethyl levulinate by levulinic acid esterification obtained from Colombian rice straw”. This paper shows the methodology to calculate the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the foreground system to perform the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the ethyl levulinate (EL) production from Colombian rice straw (RS). This process encompasses two main stages: (i) RS production (involving cultivation and harvesting) and (ii) EL production (involving acid hydrolysis, levulinic acid (LA) purification, and El production). On one hand, foreground data related to paddy rice cultivation was gathered from the literature review. Besides, emissions of the cultivation stage were calculated using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology. The SQCB (Sustainable Quick Check for Biofuels) methodology was used to calculate NH₃, NO_x, N₂O and NO₃ emissions, whereas the SALCA (Swiss Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment) model was used to calculate phosphorous emissions to water. The Turc method was employed to calculate the irrigation requirements based on the rainfall and agrological features of rice culture. On the other hand, foreground data related to RS conversion to EL within a biorefinery scheme was obtained from simulation using Aspen Plus v.12. Lastly, background data associated with raw materials, catalysts, and utilities were gathered from Ecoinvent database. All the inventories are meaningful to carry out future environmental assessments involving sustainable production processes using RS as raw material or biorefinery processes using dilute acid hydrolysis.