Asphyxia neonatorum is the cause of 23% of all neonatal mortality in the world. Three quarters from the neonatal mortality are caused by conditions that can be prevented and treated, including the incident of asphyxia. Low Birth Weight (LBW) has the risk of having a respiratory failure that can cause asphyxia neonatorum. However not all LBW infants are prematurity. Therefore, it can be estimated that approximately one-third of LBW is aterm infants. This research was conducted in Budi Kemuliaan Hospitals, which one of the private mother centers and child hospital that reference the birth process in Jakarta. The design of this research was case-control by using medical record data, with 120 cases and 240 controls and data was collected from March to May 2018. The bivariate and multivariate data were analyzed using the chi-square test to see the association value after being controlled by covariate variables (sex of the baby, maternal age characteristics, gestational age, maternal parity, history of antenatal care (ANC), preeclampsia or eclampsia during pregnancy). The result of this study showed that asphyxia neonatorum on the LBW had risk with OR= 2.17 (95% 0.88-5.37) and the risk increase with OR= 4.69 (95% 2.68-8.18) on the premature infants. It is important to conduct selective monitoring of fetal conditions and early detection of asphyxia, especially in babies who have a high risk such as LBW and premature birth.