Public interest in nature‐based recreation is growing, including visitation to protected areas.
However, the level of recreation in these areas that causes detectable changes in wildlife
behaviour remains unknown, and many studies that investigate wildlife responses to
humans do so in high‐visitation areas. We used camera traps to investigate the spatial and
temporal responses of brown bears (Ursus arctos), black bears (Ursus americanus), moose
(Alces alces) and wolves (Canis lupis) to experimentally manipulated levels of human …