Luminescence semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer a rather new type of luminescent labels used for the visual and instrumental determination of analytes in various versions of chemical analysis. The high quantum yield, photostability, narrow emission spectra, and wide excitation regions of these species make them ideal labels for analysis and ensure the development of procedures for the simultaneous determination of several substances and the attainment of low limits of detection. The widespread introduction of QDs in analytical practice is limited by the multistage character and laboriousness of some approaches to the synthesis of QDs and reagents on their basis, their trend to nonspecific interactions, and a probability of fluorescence reabsorption at the improper selection of the concentration of QDs. The review covers the main approaches to the synthesis, modification, and use of luminescence QDs in chemical analysis. Approaches to the sensitization and multiplicity of analysis and methods for regulating selectivity based on both the properties of QDs and, in addition, the receptors used are discussed.