Recent literature establishes profoundly the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in an array of ecosystems; as an emanating phenomenon for the world to deal with. The presence of these MPs in the ecosystem needs to be appraised and scrutinized, to gauge its impacts for implementing possible mitigative measures. This chapter reviews various approaches in sample collection and handling, distinct methods for classification, sample preparation techniques, characterization and quantitation of analytical techniques, discuss the advantages and challenges in these methods. Besides, the identification and quantification of methods (Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Pyrolyze Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TDS-GC-MS), Stereomicroscope, etc.), the quality control assurance-validation of these methods also been discussed. This review also focuses on the impediments and gives an approach for future studies to surmount such limitations.