Fast late Miocene global cooling since ∼7 Ma accompanied by less changeable atmospheric CO₂ levels revealed by existing proxy reconstructions has suggested an intriguing tectonic‐climate link that remains controversial. Here, we present late Cenozoic clay mineral records of the silicate weathering intensity from the Chinese Loess Plateau and northeastern Tibetan Plateau to demonstrate a remarkable increase in silicate weathering intensity at ∼9–7 Ma induced by enhanced monsoon. This change caused CO₂ consumption ranging from 0.18 to 1.8 × 10¹¹ mol C yr⁻¹ over the East Asian monsoon region, accounting for 0.2%–2% of the modern continental silicate weathering flux, thus providing an additional atmospheric CO₂ sink. Moreover, we propose that this additional sink may have contributed to the large atmospheric CO₂ consumption and fast global cooling in the late Miocene, which ultimately caused the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation at ∼7 Ma.