The existence of neurogenesis in the adult brain is a widely recognized phenomenon, occurring in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in several vertebrate species. Neural precursors originated in the SVZ migrate to the main olfactory bulb (MOB), originating the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in the process. To better understand the formation of the adult neurogenic niches in dogs, we investigated the cellular composition and morphological organization of these areas in 57 days‐old dog fetuses. Using multiple immunohistochemical markers, we demonstrated that the SVZ in the canine fetus is remarkably similar to the adult SVZ, with glial GFAP‐immunoreactive (‐ir) cells, DCX‐ir neuroblasts and SOX2‐ir neuronal progenitors tangentially organized along the dorsal lateral ventricle. The fetal RMS has all the features of its adult counterpart and closely resembles the RMS of other mammalian species. The late‐development canine MOB has most of the neurochemical features of the adult MOB, including an early‐developed TH‐ir population and maturing CALR‐ir interneurons, but CALB‐ir neurons in the granule cell layer will only appear in the post‐partum period. Taken together, our results suggest that the canine fetal development of adult neurogenic niches closely resembles those of primates, and dogs may be suitable models of human adult neurogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:1570–1584, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.