Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and
sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug
resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique
factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of
angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic
glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and
sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug
resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique
factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of
angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic
glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an …