Aqueous hybrid supercapacitors (AHSCs) consisting of a high-capacity battery-type
electrode and a high-rate capacitive-type electrode can be promising candidates for next-
generation supercapacitors due to their excellent energy density and high safety.
Nonetheless, battery-type electrodes store charges through the bulk-phase faradic reaction,
which is sluggish compared to capacitive-type electrodes and render volume expansion of
the materials during cycling, resulting in degraded rate capability and short cycling lifespans …