Three novel classes of optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) based on combinatorial designs are proposed. They are applicable to both synchronous and asynchronous incoherent optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) and compatible with spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC), fast frequency hopping,and time-spreading schemes. Simplicity of construction, larger codeword families,and larger flexibility in cross-correlation control make the proposed OOC families interesting candidates for future OCDMA applications. A novel balanced SAC receiver for multiuser interference cancellation that can handle unequal in-phase cross correlation of OOC is also proposed. The upper bound on the bit-error rate as a function of the number of users in SAC schemes is given for all proposed OOC classes.