Noxious newts and their natural enemies: Experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates
The dermal glands of many amphibian species secrete toxins or other noxious substances
as a defense strategy against natural enemies. Newts in particular possess the potent
neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX), for which the highest concentrations are found in species
within the genus Taricha. Adult Taricha are hypothesized to use TTX as a chemical defense
against vertebrate predators such as garter snakes (Thamnophis spp.). However, less is
known about how TTX functions to defend aquatic-developing newt larvae against natural …
as a defense strategy against natural enemies. Newts in particular possess the potent
neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX), for which the highest concentrations are found in species
within the genus Taricha. Adult Taricha are hypothesized to use TTX as a chemical defense
against vertebrate predators such as garter snakes (Thamnophis spp.). However, less is
known about how TTX functions to defend aquatic-developing newt larvae against natural …
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