… to understand the mechanisms through which opioids alter the activity of cells expressing
opioid receptors. The present review examines how different opioid receptor types couple to …

… by opioids obviates the need for multiple signalling mechanisms. Opioid receptors expressed
… Considering that receptor-activated effector selectivity is most probably mediated by these, …

… opioid receptors on cAMP signaling was found to be Gα i dependent.11,12Today it is widely
accepted that all four opioid receptor … of opioid receptor signal transduction relates to opioids…

… Cloning of multiple opioid receptors has presented opportunities toinvestigate the mechanisms
of multiple opioid receptor signaling and theregulation of these signals. The subsequent …

… by receptor activation. This review will focus on ligand-directed signalling within the family of
opioid receptors as an … mechanisms for opioid receptor activation within the membrane core …

… to combat the side effects of opioid tolerance. The present review … opioid receptors and
inflammatory mediators. The molecular mechanisms involved in the desensitization of the opioid …

… opioid signalling requires knowledge of those interactions. This review chronicles the studies
examining these interactions for all the opioid receptor … various opioid receptor subtypes to …

… (A) Phylogenetic tree of classic opioid receptors and atypical opioid receptors. A common
feature is that all of them could be activated by small peptides and small-molecule opioids, …

… in 1973 on opioid receptors revealed that … signalling, albeit by unknown mechanisms 5,6
. To address the molecular basis for the striking allosteric effect of sodium on opioid receptor …

… sequence homology with the classical opioid receptors. The current nomenclature for this
fourth opioid receptor subtype is nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP). …