Optimization of Sodium Bis (oxalato) borate (NaBOB) in Triethyl Phosphate (TEP) by Electrolyte Additives

J Welch, R Mogensen, W van Ekeren… - Journal of The …, 2022 - iopscience.iop.org
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2022iopscience.iop.org
The electrolyte solution of NaBOB in TEP is a low-cost, fluorine-free and flame-retardant
electrolyte with ionic conductivity of 5 mS cm− 1, recently discovered to show promises for
sodium-ion batteries. Here, the abilities of this electrolyte to effectively form a solid
electrolyte interphase (SEI) was augmented with five common electrolyte additives of
fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), prop-1-ene-1, 3-sultone (PES), 1,
3, 2-dioxathiolane 2, 2-dioxide (DTD) and tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TTSPi). Full-cells …
Abstract
The electrolyte solution of NaBOB in TEP is a low-cost, fluorine-free and flame-retardant electrolyte with ionic conductivity of 5 mS cm− 1, recently discovered to show promises for sodium-ion batteries. Here, the abilities of this electrolyte to effectively form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was augmented with five common electrolyte additives of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), prop-1-ene-1, 3-sultone (PES), 1, 3, 2-dioxathiolane 2, 2-dioxide (DTD) and tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TTSPi). Full-cells with electrodes of Prussian white and hard carbon and industrial mass loadings of> 10 mg cm− 2 and electrolyte volumes of< 5 ml g− 1 were used. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and pressure analysis were also deployed to investigate parasitic reactions. Cells using electrolyte additives of PES, PES+ DTD and PES+ TTSPi (3 wt%) showed significantly increased performance in terms of capacity retention and initial Coulombic efficiency as compared to additive-free NaBOB–TEP. The best cell retained 80% discharge capacity (89 mAh g− 1) after 450 cycles, which is also significantly better than reference cells using 1 M NaPF 6 in EC: DEC electrolyte. This study sheds light on opportunities to optimize the NaBOB–TEP electrolyte for full-cell sodium-ion batteries in order to move from low-mass-loading lab-scale electrodes to high mass loading electrodes aiming for commercialization of sodium-ion batteries.
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