Outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children temporally related to COVID-19: a longitudinal study

NK Bagri, RK Deepak, S Meena, SK Gupta… - Rheumatology …, 2022 - Springer
NK Bagri, RK Deepak, S Meena, SK Gupta, S Prakash, K Setlur, J Satapathy, K Chopra…
Rheumatology international, 2022Springer
To study the clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory
syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in
a resource-limited setting. All children meeting the World Health Organization case definition
of MIS-C were prospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were
compared between survivors and non-survivors. Enrolled subjects were followed up for 4–6
weeks for evaluation of cardiac outcomes using echocardiography. The statistical data were …
Abstract
To study the clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a resource-limited setting. All children meeting the World Health Organization case definition of MIS-C were prospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Enrolled subjects were followed up for 4–6 weeks for evaluation of cardiac outcomes using echocardiography. The statistical data were analyzed using the stata-12 software. Thirty-one children with MIS-C were enrolled in an 11-month period. Twelve children had preexisting chronic systemic comorbidity. Fever was a universal finding; gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations were noted in 70.9% and 64.3%, respectively, while 57.1% had a skin rash. Fifty-eight percent of children presented with shock, and 22.5% required mechanical ventilation. HSP like rash, gangrene and arthritis were uncommon clinical observations.The median duration of hospital stay was 9 (6.5–18.5) days: four children with preexisting comorbidities succumbed to the illness. The serum ferritin levels (ng/ml) [median (IQR)] were significantly higher in non-survivors as compared to survivors [1061 (581, 2750) vs 309.5 (140, 720.08), p value = 0.045]. Six patients had coronary artery involvement; five recovered during follow-up, while one was still admitted. Twenty-six children received immunomodulatory drugs, and five improved without immunomodulation. The choice of immunomodulation (steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin) did not affect the outcome. Most children with MIS-C present with acute hemodynamic and respiratory symptoms.The outcome is favorable in children without preexisting comorbidities.Raised ferritin level may be a poor prognostic marker. The coronary outcomes at follow-up were reassuring.
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