OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancer screening with transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and CA-125 was
evaluated in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Trial. STUDY DESIGN: This
was a randomized controlled trial of screening versus usual care. Baseline screening results
are reported. RESULTS: Of 39,115 women randomized to receive screening, 28,816
received at least 1 test. Abnormal TVU was found in 1338 (4.7%), and abnormal CA-125 in
402 (1.4%). Twenty-nine neoplasms were identified (26 ovarian, 2 fallopian, and 1 primary …

Background: The benefit of screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen
(PSA) testing and digital rectal examination (DRE) is uncertain and is under evaluation in a
randomized prospective trial, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer
Screening Trial. Although the final results are several years away, the initial round of
screening is complete. We describe the population enrolled in the PLCO trial, their baseline
PSA and DRE screening results, and diagnostic follow-up results during the first year of …