Upregulation of Apoptotic markers (p53 and active caspase-3) is reported in diabetic nephropathy. Exercise training is reported to exert renoprotective effects in diabetes. This study correlated the effects of endurance exercise training on the renal expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in a rat model of Type 1 diabetes. Thirty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary diabetic (SD) rats, and exercised diabetic (ED) rats. The drug alloxan was administered to SD and ED groups of rats in order to induce diabetes mellitus. Expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the renal tissue from each of the three different groups was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Increased blood levels compared to control group of rats validated the onset of diabetes in rats from SD and ED groups. Significantly (P< 0.05) higher renal p53 and active caspase-3 expression was observed in SD versus SC group. Blood glucose levels and the expression of both p53 and active caspase-3 in the diabetic renal tissue were significantly reduced following endurance exercise training. This study attributes the renoprotective effects of endurance exercise training in diabetes to reduction in blood glucose levels and/or suppression of proapoptotic factors in the kidney.