Increased remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS) during late pregnancy may result from high
levels of sex steroids such as estrogen and estriol. Estrogen (E2= 17β-estradiol) protects
against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but the cellular basis for E2-
induced protection remains unclear. Treatment with relatively low doses of E2 can protect
against clinical and histological signs of MOG-35-55 induced EAE through mechanisms
involving the PD-1 coinhibitory pathway and B-cells. The current study evaluated the …

Increased remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS) during late pregnancy may result from high
levels of sex steroids such as estrogen (E2) and estriol (E3). In fact, treatment with relatively
low doses of E2 can protect against clinical and histological signs of MOG-35-55 induced
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through mechanisms involving PD-1,
PD-L1 and B cells. The current study sought to determine more specifically the contribution
of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on B cells in E2-mediated protection. Thus, WT, PD-L1 knockout (KO) …