Services are critical for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).
However, due to complicated and insufficiently funded service delivery systems, parents
have to advocate for services for their offspring with IDD. To date, although parents of
children with IDD advocate from receiving the initial diagnosis until adulthood, no study has
examined parent advocacy across the lifespan. In this paper, we examine studies about
parent advocacy with respect to four age periods: early childhood, school-based services …