Context Diaphragm pacing in ventilator-dependent tetraplegic subjects is usually achieved
by the placement of phrenic nerve electrodes via thoracotomy. However, this technique may
be accomplished less invasively via laparoscopic placement of IM electrodes, at a lower cost
and with less risk of injury to the phrenic nerve. Objective To assess the feasibility of
laparascopic placement of IM diaphragm electrodes to achieve long-term ventilatory support
in ventilator-dependent tetraplegic subjects. Design, setting, and participants Two IM …