Objective To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of
either fentanyl (FENT), lidocaine (LIDO), ketamine (KET), dexmedetomidine (DEX), or the
combination lidocaine-ketamine-dexmedetomidine (LKD) in dogs. Study design
Randomized, prospective, blinded, clinical study. Animals Fifty-four dogs. Methods
Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Treatments were
intravenous (IV) administration of a bolus at start of anesthesia, followed by an IV CRI until …