Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

RT Liu, RFL Walsh, AE Sheehan - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019 - Elsevier
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019Elsevier
With growing interest in the gut microbiome, prebiotics and probiotics have received
considerable attention as potential treatments for depression and anxiety. We conducted a
random-effects meta-analysis of 34 controlled clinical trials evaluating the effects of
prebiotics and probiotics on depression and anxiety. Prebiotics did not differ from placebo
for depression (d=−. 08, p=. 51) or anxiety (d=. 12, p=. 11). Probiotics yielded small but
significant effects for depression (d=−. 24, p<. 01) and anxiety (d=−. 10, p=. 03). Sample type …
Abstract
With growing interest in the gut microbiome, prebiotics and probiotics have received considerable attention as potential treatments for depression and anxiety. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of 34 controlled clinical trials evaluating the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on depression and anxiety. Prebiotics did not differ from placebo for depression (d = −.08, p = .51) or anxiety (d = .12, p = .11). Probiotics yielded small but significant effects for depression (d = −.24, p < .01) and anxiety (d = −.10, p = .03). Sample type was a moderator for probiotics and depression, with a larger effect observed for clinical/medical samples (d = −.45, p < .001) than community ones. This effect increased to medium-to-large in a preliminary analysis restricted to psychiatric samples (d = −.73, p < .001). There is general support for antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of probiotics, but the pooled effects were reduced by the paucity of trials with clinical samples. Additional randomized clinical trials with psychiatric samples are necessary fully to evaluate their therapeutic potential.
Elsevier
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