The incidence of ESRD is increasing dramatically. Progression to end-stage may be halted
or slowed when kidney damage is detected at an early stage. Kidney damage is frequently
asymptomatic but is indicated by the presence of proteinuria, hematuria, or reduced GFR.
Population-based studies relating to the prevalence of kidney damage in the community are
limited, particularly outside of the United States. Therefore, the prevalence of proteinuria,
hematuria, and reduced GFR in the Australian adult population was determined using a …