Background Excess sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of vascular complications. Most studies have focused on heart disease and stroke, but the impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less well-characterised. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of sodium intake on CKD burden in Australia. Methods A dynamic epidemiological model was developed to estimate the potential impact on CKD if the Australian Suggested Dietary Target (SDT) and the National Preventive Health Strategy 2021-2030 (NPHS) sodium target were achieved. Outcomes were estimated between 2019 (base year) and 2030, and lifetime. Findings Achieving the SDT and NPHS target could lower overall mean systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg and 1.7 mmHg respectively. Compared to current sodium intake levels, attaining the SDT could prevent 59,220 (95% UI, 53,140–65,500) incident CKD cases and 568 (95% UI, 479–652) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this is projected to generate 199,488 (95% UI, 180,910–218,340) HALYs and AU 644millioninCKDhealthexpendituresavings.Similarly,ifachieved,theNPHSisestimatedtoprevent49,890(95%UI,44,377–55,569)incidentCKDcasesand511(95%UI,426–590)CKDdeathsby2030.Overthelifetime,thiscouldproduce170,425(95%UI,155,017–186,559)HALYsandAU 514 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Conclusion Achieving the national sodium reduction targets could deliver substantial health and economic benefits for people with CKD in Australia. Robust government action is required in order to achieve the projected outcomes of these policy targets.