Inclusive education, defined as “full inclusion,” has generated controversy for nearly three
decades with special education placement at the heart of the debate. Whole-school
application of Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) offers a reframing of the problem with
potential for social and academic gains for all students, including those with extensive needs
for extraordinary supports and services. In this paper, we review history and contemporary
definitions of MTSS; the emerging evidence base in support of its efficacy for improved …