BIOLOGISTS over several decades have examined the specific wing kinematics of dragonflies and have uncovered distinct patterns associated with various flight maneuvers [1–6]. It has been observed that at these Reynolds numbers, where laminar boundarylayer separation is unavoidable, dragonflies must use highly separated flows, particularly during the downstroke, to generate the necessary lift during the cycle [7]. Very little regarding the aerodynamic mechanisms themselves could, however, be extracted from these above-mentioned studies. Although present day dragonflies fly with Reynolds numbers on the order of Re O103, dragonflies from the Carboniferous and Permian periods, such as Meganeuropsis permiana with its giant wingspan up to 75 cm, flew well into the (laminar-to-turbulent) transitional Reynolds number regime [8]. Thus, dragonfly scaling and their overall efficient and highly maneuverable flight provide a source of great inspiration to aerodynamicists struggling to uncover the nuances of biological flight and design efficient micro air vehicles (MAVs). Over the past decades a great deal of analytical, numerical and experimental investigations into tandem-wing aerodynamics, almost exclusively for hover conditions, have been performed with the hope of better understanding the complex aerodynamic interaction associated with dragonfly flight. Among these, certain investigations have considered the problem from a two-dimensional standpoint with either the assumption of inviscid or laminar flow [9–12]. Others, however, investigated the interaction in three dimensions, primarily using force measurements and to a lesser extent using PIV [13–18]. Certain researchers have shown that through wake capture, large increases in performance are attainable for single wings flapping independently, suggesting that the tandem interaction is only secondary in importance [19–22], in which some go as far as arguing that dragonflyflight is a function of single-wing wake capture and not of vortex interaction between two staggered wings. In contrast it has been shown that even for static tandem configurations at low Reynolds numbers, drag reduction and lift augmentation exists for several stagger and gap configurations [23].