The ability of tropical horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands (HSSF CWs) planted with
Typha angustifolia to remove four widely used pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine,
declofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen) at the relatively short hydraulic residence time of 2–4
days was documented. For both ibuprofen and naproxen, pharmaceutical compounds with
low Dow values, the planted beds showed significant (p< 0.05) enhancement of removal
efficiencies (80% and 91%, respectively, at the 4 day HRT), compared to unplanted beds …

The ability of tropical horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands (HSSF CWs) planted with
Typha angustifolia to remove four widely used pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine,
declofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen) at the relatively short hydraulic residence time of 2-4
days was documented. For both ibuprofen and naproxen, pharmaceutical compounds with
low D ow values, the planted beds showed significant (p< 0.05) enhancement of removal
efficiencies (80% and 91%, respectively, at the 4 day HRT), compared to unplanted beds …